The Effects of Climate Change on Coastal Ecosystems

Climate change, driven primarily by human activities, is having a significant impact on coastal ecosystems worldwide. Rising sea levels, ocean acidification, and extreme weather events are altering coastal habitats, affecting biodiversity, and threatening the livelihoods of millions of people. This paper reviews the current state of knowledge regarding the effects of climate change on coastal ecosystems, including coral reefs, mangroves, salt marshes, and beaches. It discusses the ecological consequences of these changes, such as habitat loss, species decline, and ecosystem degradation. Furthermore, the paper explores the socioeconomic implications of climate change on coastal communities, including impacts on fisheries, tourism, and coastal protection. By understanding the complex interactions between climate change and coastal ecosystems, policymakers and scientists can develop effective strategies to mitigate and adapt to the challenges posed by this global environmental issue.